Price-to-Book (P/B)

For informational and educational purposes only • Not investment advice.

Eli Lilly

Pharmaceuticals

Estimated Fair Value

$1078.20

Stock price: $1179.27

Fair value close to stock price

This model estimates a company's fair value by applying its historical Price-to-Book valuation multiple to its Book Value Per Share.

Historical P/B Ratios

This chart shows the company's historical Price-to-Book ratio by year.

2016: 5.0x P/B5.0x20162017: 7.1x P/B7.1x20172018: 11.3x P/B11.3x20182019: 44.8x P/B44.8x20192020: 27.0x P/B27.0x20202021: 28.2x P/B28.2x20212022: 31.7x P/B31.7x20222023: 50.4x P/B50.4x20232024: 50.7x P/B50.7x20242025: 38.1x P/B38.1x2025

Key Valuation Metrics

Selected P/B Multiple

Notes

• The Price-to-Book (P/B) range is wide, meaning the valuation is sensitive to which historical multiple is used.

What is Price-to-Book (P/B) Valuation?

Price-to-Book (P/B) Valuation estimates a company's Fair Value based on its Book Value and the P/B multiple applied to that Book Value.

The P/B ratio compares a company's share price with its Book Value per Share. It shows how the market values the company relative to the net assets recorded on its balance sheet.

Historical P/B ratios show the valuation multiples at which the company has traded in the past. They can be used as a reference for estimating Fair Value from the company's current Book Value per Share.

P/B Valuation is most useful for companies where Book Value is economically meaningful, such as banks, insurers and asset-heavy businesses.

How the P/B Model Works

The Price-to-Book model estimates fair value by calculating the company's historical P/B multiples, selecting a valuation P/B, and applying it to Book Value per Share.

Historical Book Value & Prices
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Calculate Historical P/B
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Select Valuation P/B
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Apply to Book Value per Share
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Fair Value per Share

P/B Formula

P/B Ratio=Share PriceBook Value per Share \text{P/B Ratio} = \frac{ \text{Share Price} }{ \text{Book Value per Share} }

Key Model Assumptions

• The company must have positive Book Value per Share.
• Historical P/B ratios are calculated only for years with valid positive Book Value per Share.
• The 10 most recent valid historical P/B ratios are used to estimate the company's typical valuation multiple.
• The historical median P/B forms the Base valuation assumption.
• Conservative and optimistic scenarios adjust the historical median P/B.
• Historical P/B multiples may not remain representative if the company's asset base, profitability or business model changes materially.

Step 1 — Calculate Historical P/B Ratios

Historical Book Value per Share = Historical Book Value / Historical Shares Outstanding
Historical P/B = Year-End Share Price / Historical Book Value per Share
Historical Median P/B = Median of the 10 most recent valid historical P/B ratios
Historical Median P/B =
29.97x

The model calculates historical Book Value per Share and historical P/B ratios. The median of the 10 most recent valid P/B ratios is then used as Eli Lilly's historical valuation benchmark. The resulting median P/B is 29.97x.

Step 2 — Select the Valuation Multiple

Selected P/B = Historical Median P/B × Scenario Adjustment (Base)
Selected P/B = 29.97x × 100% = 29.97x

The selected scenario adjusts the historical median P/B to determine the valuation multiple used to estimate Fair Value. Under the base scenario, the model uses a P/B multiple of 29.97x.

Step 3 — Estimate Fair Value per Share

Fair Value per Share = Book Value per Share × Selected P/B
Fair Value per Share = $35.97 × 29.97x = $1078.20

The selected P/B multiple is applied to Eli Lilly's current Book Value per Share of $35.97 to estimate a Fair Value per Share of $1078.20.

Step 4 — Compare With the Current Market Valuation

Current P/B = Current Price / Book Value per Share
Current P/B = $1179.27 / $35.97 = 32.78x
Valuation Gap = Fair Value per Share / Current Price − 1
Valuation Gap = $1078.20 / $1179.27 − 1 = -8.6%

Current P/B shows the multiple currently assigned to Eli Lilly's Book Value. The stock currently trades at 32.78x compared with a historical median of 29.97x.

The Valuation Gap compares the estimated Fair Value with the current stock price of $1179.27. Under the current assumptions, the Valuation Gap is -8.6%.